Protopresbyter-stavrophor Velimir Petakovich
April 4, 1933 – November 15, 2022
Father Velimir Petakovich was born in the Sumadija area of Serbia in 1933 to the family of Protopresbyter-stavrophor Radisav Petakovich, a Serbian Orthodox priest. Raised in and about the church, his religious education began early in his father’s home.
Father Petakovich’s childhood between the tender ages of 8 to 12 years, spanned the soul trying time of World War II when Yugoslavia was occupied by Nazi Germany and ravaged by civil war and revolution. During those difficult times every sort of misfortune, human failing, and blindness confronted his father. The suffering, hunger, bombardment, and death all around that Father Petakovich experienced as young boy never left him.
Suffering continued after the war, too, when the Bolsheviks took over the government and instigated more killing and looting and forcibly imposed Marxist and Atheist ideology upon the country. Nevertheless, the Serbian Orthodox Church found strength enough to re-establish the seminary in Prizren, Kosovo, in 1947, and Father Petakovich became a student in the first generation of seminarians after the war. He graduated in 1951 and continued his education at the University of Belgrade, School of Divinity, successfully obtaining his master’s degree in 1956.
In 1958 he left Yugoslavia and spent two years in West Germany where he worked for the British Army as an assistant to the Serbian Orthodox Chaplain and then in the Royal Air Force (RAF) hospital. While in West Germany, he married Ljubinka Vukovic, whom he had met in Belgrade at the University where she studied Philosophy and Foreign Languages. They immigrated to the United States in 1960.
Father Petakovich’s first church assignment in the United States was in Gary, Indiana, as a teacher at the St. Sava church school. He was ordained a priest the same year at the Serbian Orthodox monastery of Saint Sava in Libertyville, Illinois, and became the parish priest of St. Sava Church in Gary, where he faithfully served. In 1961 God blessed him and Protinica Ljubinka with their first-born son, Deyan. In 1964, the young family came to San Diego to serve at the St. George Church. God granted them two more children, Simona born in 1965 and Alexander born in 1969.
In 1966, with the pious, unselfish parishioners of St. George Church, Father Petakovich lead the congregation in acquiring the magnificent property overlooking Mission Bay and the ambitious building plan that included the completion of the church social hall and Sunday school classroom that served as the temporary sanctuary in 1967, followed by the parish house in 1968, and then the completion of the church in 1969.
With great concern that traditional frescos paintings would not endure the damaging affects of the sea salt air environment from nearby Mission Bay, it was Father Petakovich’s vision to adorn the interior of the church and exterior domes with permanent mosaic artwork in the Byzantine style of the old world churches and so he engaged Giovanni Nastrucci, a principal in the Mexico City firm of Mosaicos Italianos along with Publio Cavallini a talented artisan mosaic tile setter assisted by his son Amilcare from San Antonio Texas. All the frescos were initially created full scale on craft paper by academic painter, Stevan Cukic from Belgrade and San Diego artist, Mr. Donald Donnelly. With blessings of His Holiness Patriarch German, the official Patriarchate iconographer, Deacon Marko Ilich from Belgrade painted traditional smaller scale icons on wood. Father Petakovich ingenious idea of photographing the smaller scale icons and projecting photographic slides onto craft paper proved to be an incredible time and cost saving method.
Father Petakovich was the driving visionary force behind the enormous building project of the new St. George church. He also was instrumental in raising much of the money for the approximately $250.000 investment. Since the undertaking left the congregation nearly bankrupt at times and in order to alleviate the church of the financial burden to pay his salary, Father Petakovich volunteered to forgo his priest’s salary and worked for five years in the Administrative Services Department of First National Bank, while at the same time raising his family and carrying on his church duties, often putting in 18-hour days traveling to all 50 bank branches extending as far as 200 miles north to Ventura County. In recognition for all his dedicated works and sacrifice, His Grace Bishop Irinej awarded Father Petakovich with the Red Sash, elevation to the Protopresbyter-stavrophor (a pectoral cross) on June 1, 1986.
Father Petakovich participated in many religious, civic and social activities in San Diego. In honor of his years of dedicated service to both church and community at large, many honors were bestowed upon him including an award from the Freedom’s Foundation at Valley Forge for outstanding achievement in bringing about a better understanding of the American way of life and a medal for Americanism from the Daughters of the American Revolution, an award given only to naturalized citizens. He was also given honor certificates from the USA 1976 Bi-Centennial Committee, Ecumenical Council, National Council of Christians and Jews, and the US Navy and Marines for his five years’ of service as chaplain at Camp Pendleton’s Holy Trinity Orthodox Chapel. City of San Diego Mayor Pete Wilson (later Senator, Governor and US Presidential candidate) proclaimed Sunday, November 26, 1978, “Fr. Velimir R. Petakovich Day”, in recognition of his devoted and distinguished service to the community. Proclaiming, WHEREAS, Father Petakovich has made outstanding contributions to the cultural heritage of the Serbian community of San Diego and WHEREAS, Father Petakovich has given to the citizens of San Diego one of the few churches in the world that is fully completed in mosaic tile.
At the request of parishioners and blessing of His Grace Bishop Irinej, Father Petakovich also served as the first parish priest of St Petka Church in San Marcos from 1986-1987. With his experience, knowledge and God given talents, he shepherded the newly established parish in building the beautiful St. Petka Church. Father Petakovich also dutifully served the church as Bishop’s Deputy for the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Western America. In that capacity, he was a tireless and active member of many church committees and organizations at the national level. Father Petakovich was also a benefactor for the Chapel at the Theological Seminary in Belgrade, Serbia as well as a steward and benefactor to St George Church and other Serbian Orthodox Churches and Serbian causes worldwide.
The parishioners of St. George Church and the Serbian Orthodox community as a whole will most remember Father Petakovich for the faith, God-given enthusiasm, artistic and historic sensibilities, and unparalleled ingenuity with which he led a small and humble congregation from its displacement in North Park to the magnificent present day’s commanding location above Mission Bay, and for the sacrifices of time and energy he and his family made to finish the task.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
4. Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ» 1933 – 15. Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΌΠ±Π°Ρ 2022
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Ρ Π¨ΡΠΌΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈ, Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°, 4. Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π° 1933.Π³., Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°-ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π°Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°. Π’ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°, Π³Π»Π°Π΄, Π±ΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° Π³Π° Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ·Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠ°ΠΊ, Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π°Π³Π΅ Π΄Π° 1947. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ 1951. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π£Π½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΎ 1956. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 1958. Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ Π·Π° Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π½Π°, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π²Π°Π·Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π° (Royal Air Force). Π£ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΎ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ 1960. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
ΠΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³Π°ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π‘ΠΠ-Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π‘Π°Π²Π°. ΠΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π‘Π°Π²Π° Ρ ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π‘Π°Π²Π° Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 1961 ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 1964. ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Π° Ρ Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄Π° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠΈ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 1965. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ 1969. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 1966, ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½Π° (Mission Bay) ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π° Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ 1967. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ 1968. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° 1969. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
Π£Π· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π°Π·Π΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π½Π°, Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΡ. ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π°ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π° ΠΈΠ· Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. Π‘Π²Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ Π§ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Π°, Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΄ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π³. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π°, Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡ. ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ½Π°Π³Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ 250.000 Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ Ρ ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π° Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ Ρ Π±Π°Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΎ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½, ΠΏΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ 50 ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π±Π°Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ 200 ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ°. Π£ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΆΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ Π³. ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ 1. ΡΡΠ½Π° 1986. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π³Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°-ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Π°. Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π³ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π€ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π€ΠΎΡΡ (Freedom’s Fundation at Valley Forge) Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π‘ΠΠ 1976 ΠΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π·Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎ-Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π’ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΏ ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½ (ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡ, Π³ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π‘ΠΠ) ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡ, 26. Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΌΠ±Π°Ρ 1978. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ „ΠΠ°Π½ ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π . ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°“, Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅: “ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΠ£ΠΠ£ΠΠ ΠΠ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΊΡ.“
ΠΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Π³. ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ 1986. Π΄ΠΎ 1987. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡ. Π‘Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π·Π° Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ. Π£ ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π‘Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° (Mission Bay), ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠΆΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π²Ρ ΠΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ.
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